Sabtu, 23 November 2013

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Minggu, 03 November 2013

Kumpulan Puisi Untuk Ibu



IBU
Ibu kau mengandungku 9 bulan
sampai engkau melahirkanku dengan susah paya
engkau merawatku sampai aku tumbuh besar
engkau juga merawatku tampa pamri
dan engkau juga merawatku dengan penuh kasih sayang

Ibu kau mengajariku berjalan sampai aku bisa berjalan
engkau juga mengajariku berbicara sampai aku bisa
Ibu kau bagaikan malaikatku
dikala aku sedih engkau selalu ada untuk menghiburku

Ibu.. aku juga merasa engkaulah pahlawanku
setiap aku kesusahan engkau selalu ada untuk membantuku
Ibu... bekerja keras
untuk menafkahiku
ibu... terima kasih atas pengorbananmu
yang engkau berikan kepada ku
Ibu...


Puisi Untuk IBU

Ibu...
adalah wanita yang telah melahirkanku
merawatku
membesarkanku
mendidikku
hingga diriku telah dewasa

Ibu...
adalah wanita yang selalu siaga tatkala aku
dalam buaian
tatkala kaki-kakiku belum kuat untuk berdiri
tatkala perutku terasa lapar dan haus
tatkala kuterbangun di waktu pagi, siang dan
malam

Ibu...
adalah wanita yang penuh perhatian
bila aku sakit
bila aku terjatuh
bila aku menangis
bila aku kesepian

Ibu...
telah kupandang wajahmu diwaktu tidur
terdapat sinar yang penuh dengan keridhoan
terdapat sinar yang penuh dengan kesabaran
terdapat sinar yang penuh dengan kasih dan
sayang
terdapat sinar kelelahan karena aku

Aku yang selalu merepotkanmu
aku yang selalu menyita perhatianmu
aku yang telah menghabiskan air susumu
aku yang selalu menyusahkanmu hingga
muncul tangismu

Ibu...
engkau menangis karena aku
engkau sedih karena aku
engkau menderita karena aku
engkau kurus karena aku
engkau korbankan segalanya untuk aku

Ibu...
jasamu tiada terbalas
jasamu tiada terbeli
jasamu tiada akhir
jasamu tiada tara
jasamu terlukis indah di dalam surga

Ibu...
hanya do'a yang bisa kupersembahkan
untukmu
karena jasamu
tiada terbalas
Hanya tangisku sebagai saksi
atas rasa cintaku padamu
Ibu..


Untuk Ibuku tercinta


Ku ingin,
Menghirup udara yang kau hirup.
Melangkah,
Di tempatmu melangkah.
Berteduh,
Di tempatmu berteduh.
Dan terlelap di atas pangkuanmu.

Ibu...
Ku hanya ingin selalu bersamamu.
sepanjang waktuku...

Ibu
Pernah aku ditegur
Katanya untuk kebaikan
Pernah aku dimarah
Katanya membaiki kelemahan
Pernah aku diminta membantu
Katanya supaya aku pandai

Ibu…..

Pernah aku merajuk
Katanya aku manja
Pernah aku melawan
Katanya aku degil
Pernah aku menangis
Katanya aku lemah

Ibu…..

Setiap kali aku tersilap
Dia hukum aku dengan nasihat
Setiap kali aku kecewa
Dia bangun di malam sepi lalu bermunajat
Setiap kali aku dalam kesakitan
Dia ubati dengan penawar dan semangat
Dan Bila aku mencapai kejayaan
Dia kata bersyukurlah pada Tuhan

Namun…..

Tidak pernah aku lihat air mata dukamu
Mengalir di pipimu
Begitu kuatnya dirimu….

Ibu….

Aku sayang padamu…..
Tuhanku….
Aku bermohon padaMu
Sejahterakanlah dia
Selamanya…..



PUISI UNTUK SAHABAT YANG TELAH PERGI

       SAHABAT YANG TELAH PERGI

Dunia kita tak lagi sama...
Kau telah berada di tempat yang jauh dan penuh cahaya suci...
Dan aku terkujur dalam sepi dan menanti untuk bertemu diri'mu
Namun ntah kapan kita bisa ketemu kembali
Dan bersama lagi seperti sedia kala

Aku sangat merindukan diri'mu
Senyum'mu dan canda tawa'mu
Yang selalu menghiasi hari-hari'ku dengan ceria...

Namun...
Tuhan berkehandak lain
Kita berpisah untuk selama-lamanya
Hanya sebongkah nisan yang tertulis nama'mu
Dan hati'ku berkecamuk tak menentu...

Dalam ruangan kosong dan hampa
Aku terduduk di bangku yang kau duduki itu
Hati'ku menahan isak dan tangis
Dan berderai air mata yang terjatuh bergelimpangan

Oh...Sahabat'ku
Apakah kau rindu kepada'ku
Seperti aku yang merindukan'mu disini
Kau selalu menghiasi hari-hari'ku dengan indah
Kau membuat'ku menjadi bahagia seperti dulu
Namun mengapa kesedihan ini datang kepada'ku

Sahabat'ku...
Seperti apakah dunia'mu sekarang?
Apakah jauh lebih indah dari dunia'mu yang sebelumnya
Aku hanya selalu berdo'a kepada'mu
Agar kau selalu bahagia dan tenang disana
Dan Tuhan selalu menjaga'mu dengan baik...

Rabu, 25 September 2013

                tugas sejarah di museum adityawarman

1. Garepe
origin           : use for panghulu in acient times
Place found : damasraya
Usefulness  : for write
years found :-
2.abak
origin           : like a boat, made by people of mentawai in the village                                                    place found  : mentawai
usefullness  : to go to another vilage.
years found : -

3.brass
origin         :Brass also the basic ingredient talempong musical instruments.
place found:Sumatra and Agam Puar River.
usefullness :domestic purposes and ceremonies.
years found: -

5. lulak
Origin : made by wood to place the food in ancient times
Place found  : mentawai
Usefulness  : for food place
Years found : -

6.kris
Origin: use for panghulu in ancient times
Place found  : sumatera barat
Usefulness : for protect yourself
Years found:1939

7. Panapana
Origin : traditional chatch tools ,made by rattan , and use in ancient times
Place found : mentawai
Usefulness : to catch a fish
Years found  : -

8.Papakru
 Papakru is a tool for peeling skin sago. This tool is used by the Mentawai people. 

9.sampirai
Origin : a traditional tool to catch the fish in ancient times 
Place found : mentawai
Usefulness : to catch the fish
Years found  :

10.slate for tools to learn their role, found in boast.


Kamis, 12 September 2013

1.  Buat sebuah project baru dengan format seperti pada screenshot.
2.  Warnai background dengan warna hitam.
3.  Ketikkan teks sesuai keinginan. Sebagai contoh disini saya ketik AiRa LoKa.
4.  Duplikat layer teks (Ctrl + J), lalu buat layer baru. atur seperti pada screenshot.
5.  Warnai layer baru tersebut seperti langkah nomor 2 tadi. Klik layer teks copy, lalu tekan Ctrl + E.
6.  Klik menu Edit > Transform > Rotate 90' CCW.
7.  Klik menu Filter > Stylize > Wind. lakukan sebanyak dua kali.
8. Klik menu Edit > Transform > Rotate 90' CW.
9.  Buka Filter > Blur > Gaussian Blur. Atur seperti pada screenshot.
10.  Saatnya mewarnai. Tekan Ctrl + U. Pastikan pengaturan sama seperti screenshot.
11.  Tekan tombol Ctrl + J. Lakukan langkah nomor 10 dengan pengaturan seperti pada screenshot.
12.  Rubah Blending Mode menjadi Color Dodge. Lalu tekan Ctrl + E.
13.  Atur susunan layer menjadi seperti pada screenshot.
14.  Klik layer teks, seleksi teks anda lalu rubahlah warnanya menjadi hitam.
Hasilnya akan menjadi seperti ini

Senin, 09 September 2013

1. Herman William Daendels
In 1785, he sided with the Patriots, who had seized power in several Dutch cities. In 1786 he defended the city of Hattem against stadholderian troops. In 1787, he defended Amsterdam against the Prussian army that invaded the Netherlands to restore William V of Orange. After William V was in power again, he fled to France because of a death sentence. Daendels was close witness to the French revolution.

He returned to the Netherlands in 1794, as a general in the French revolutionary army of general Charles Pichegru and commander of the Batavian Legion. Daendels helped unitarian politician Pieter Vreede to power in a coup d'état on 25 January 1798. The group behind Vreede was dissatisfied with the conservative-moderate majority in parliament, which tried to prevent the formulation of a more democratic, centralistic constitution. The reign of Vreede did not bring the expected results, however, and Daendels supported another coup d'état against Vreede on 14 June 1798. In the Batavian Republic Daendels occupied several political offices, but he had to step down when he failed to prevent the Anglo-Russian Invasion of Holland in 1799, and became a farmer in Heerde, Gelderland.
Louis Bonaparte made Daendels colonel-general in 1806 and Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies in 1807. After a long voyage, he arrived in the city of Batavia (now Jakarta) on 5 January 1808 and relieved the former Governor General, Albertus Wiese. His primary task was to rid the island of Java of the British Army, which he promptly achieved.[citation needed] He built new hospitals and military barracks, a new arms factories in Surabaya and Semarang, and a new military college in Batavia. He demolished the Castle in Batavia and replaced it with a new fort at Meester Cornelis (Jatinegara), and built Fort Lodewijk in Surabaya. However, his best-known achievement was the construction of the Great Post Road (Indonesian: Jalan Raya Pos) across northern Java from Anjer to Panaroecan. The road now serves as the main road in the island of Java, called Jalur Pantura. The thousand-kilometre road was completed in only one year, during which thousands of Javanese forced labourers died.[2]

He displayed a firm attitude towards the Javanese rulers, with the result that the rulers were willing to work with the British against the Dutch. He also subjected the population of Java to forced labour (Rodi). There were some rebellious actions against this, such as those in Cadas Pangeran, West Java.

There is considerable debate as to whether he increased the efficiency of the local bureaucracy and reduced corruption, although he certainly enriched himself during this period.

2.Thomas Stamford Raffles

thomas Stamford Raffles was born at sea on board a ship Ann on the 6th of July, 1781 off the coast of Jamaica. In 1795, the young man accepted his first job in the East India Company as a clerk. But he studied hard in his spare time and in 1804, was posted to Penang (then Prince of Wales Island) and promoted to Assistant Secretary to the Presidency of that Malaysian island. His mastery over the Malay language made him indispensable to the British Government, and he was later appointed Malay translator to the Government of India. In 1811, he returned as the Lieutenant Governor of Java, and was soon promoted to Governor of Bencoolen (now Sumatra). On 19th January, 1819, Raffles founded modern Singapore and first mooted the idea which led to the establishment of the Raffles Museum on the island.
Stamford Raffles was deeply fascinated by the immense diversity of strange animals and plants of the East Indies during his tenure there. He soon employed zoologists and botanists to discover all they can about the animals and plants of the region and would pay his assistants out of his own pockets to collect specimens. He also revived and became the president of the Batavian Society which was actively engaged in the study of natural history of Java and adjacent areas.

In 1800 , the British blockade of the Dutch mounting . Dutch - standing position that exists outside of Java ( only Ambon rather strong ) by the British . Thus Ambon , Gorontalo , Banda , Ternate , practical can be mastered. Not with Java , apparently still strong defense and military calculations require more serious . But the decision was not taken by the British in India helm . However , preparations for the attack had been carried out since the Java earlier times ( Dekker , 1993) .In 1808 began to take a new age in the Java - European relations . Holland had been under French rule since 1795 . In connection with the growing centralization of power , then the Bonaperte Napoleon raised his younger brother, Louis Napoleon as ruler in the Netherlands in 1806 . In 1808, Louis sent Marshal Herman Willem Daendels to Batavia to become governor -general ( 1808-1811 ) and to strengthen the defense of Java as a base against the British in the Indian Ocean . On his way Daendels not bring new troops with even wear an American flag to avoid attacks or obstacles England in India . In the absence of forces that brought him immediately to form an army consisting of mostly made ​​up of people of Indonesia , numbered from 4000 to 18000 people ( Ricklefs , 2005) .Heavy pressure against the British blockade paralyzing Dutch coffee exports , which is one major source of income . Under Daendels economic atmosphere that is both revolutionary and dictator is broken . In addition to her hatred come from all walks including the Europeans themselves . That is to combat fraud and corruption surrounding the administration Europe many failures ( Ricklefs , 2005) . One example Daendels actions that only produce hatred are as follows , as noted above , that Ambon is still maintained by the Netherlands in a small size . There is placed a French colonel named Filz . As a result of the British attack Filz surrender . He was released by the UK and then went to Batavia to take responsibility for his actions . The result is poor even dimarahinya colonel and later sentenced to death ( with the shot ) , it is an irresponsible act by a leader like Daendels . The resistance in various places on the all hard Daendels of the Indonesian nation , among others, are Banten , Cirebon , and Yogyakarta ( Dekker , 1993) .In 1811 , Thomas Stamford Raffles included in group expedition to Java as Lieutenant Governor under the orders of the Governor -General ( in India ) Sir Gilbert Elliot - Murray - mond Kynyn or better known as Lord Minto , until 1817 . Lord Minto like Raffles because kecerdikanya , skills , and abilities in the Malay language , so he was sent to Malacca . Not long after arriving in the land of Java after the French controlled the Kingdom of the Netherlands , Raffles set up a military expedition against the Dutch in Java . The raid was led by Admiral Robert Stopford , General Watherhall , Colonel Gillespie2 ( Raffles , 2008) and in addition come too Tuntang General Auchmuty3 where capitulation is a sign that officially ended the Dutch - French history in Indonesia. Here are the contents of the Tuntang capitulation was signed by the British and Auchmuty from Janssen from the Netherlands , on 18 September 1811 :The whole Java submitted to the UKAll the soldiers became prisoners and all employees who want to work together with the UK , may continue to hold officeAll of debt that the Dutch government first , it will not be borne by the British .A week before the capitulation Tuntang , Raffles has been appointed as the Lieutenant Governor -General but central control remains in Calcutta ( Dekker , 1993) .In case like this there is also a difference in the assessment of the Netherlands between Lord Minto with Raffles . The emergence of these two very different streams that flow Lord Minto that being soft and open to the Dutch who have lost and want to use the building and force them back as long as loyal to Britain , and Raffles flow that is hate against anything that smells Netherlands saw as the stodgy and cruel .After takhluknya Netherlands from the British , the Indonesian archipelago is fully under the control of British East India company and is divided into four administrative units of the government of Malacca , Bengkulu , Java , Maluku . With these administrative changes Maluku very lucky because a monopoly is not deleted but with more loosely defined , because the British East India Company had no financial interest to keep it tight like the Dutch system ( Vlekke , 2008) . When viewed as a whole revolution Daendels and Raffles equally the most important figures in the history of Indonesia, as the originator of the colonial revolution , a new policy that requires the implementation of the sovereignty and power of government administration throughout Europe whose goal utilizing Java , renew , or destroy institutions original items ( Rickefs , 2005) . Direct rule of the people by the government officials who are paid must replace the indirect rule through local intermediaries hereditary chiefs ( Vlekke , 2008) .Thomas Stamford Raffles was once the Governor General in a very short period in Java, which began in 1811 until 1816 . During kepemimipinannya , Raffles change the system of forced cultivation (culture stelsel ) imposed colonial Dutch , the land ownership system that most likely influenced by the early writings Dirk van Hogendorp , with landrente4 policy . The principle used is based on the theory of liberalism , as practiced in British India . As in the field of economy and finance Raffles provides that :all land belongs to the State , and the people as consumers ( tenants ) are obliged to pay land rent ( in the form of land tax ) to the government .Indigenous leaders like sultans and governors who do not obey the rules landrente , will be fired .Carry on the work done to the Netherlands for example, the sale of private land , and planting coffee , carry -free planting involving people in the trade.Salt monopolize trade in order not to be mocked preformance as very important for the people .Remove any submission compulsory and forced labor .


As Stamford Raffles was well-known in natural history circles, a number of animals and plants have been named in his honour. They include Megalaima rafflesi (Red-crowned Barbet), Dinopium rafflesii (Olive-backed Woodpecker) and Chaetodon rafflesi (Latticed Butterflyfish). Perhaps the most distinctive organism named after him would be Rafflesia, a genus of plants parasitic on palm trees which he discovered on an expedition to a jungle in Sumatra. These are endemic to Southeast Asia and produce the world's largest and possibly the most spectacular (abeit evil-smelling) flowers.    

3.Van Den Bosch

BIOGRAFI

Born at Herwijnen in the province of Gelderland, the Netherlands, van den Bosch arrived in Java in 1797 as a lieutenant, but was quickly promoted to colonel. He departed in 1810, because of differences with Governor-General Daendels. After his return to Holland in November 1813, Van den Bosch agitated for the return of the House of Orange.
He was recommissioned in the army as a Colonel and made Commander of Maastricht. He later became a Major General. Van den Bosch helped found the Society for the Founding of Poor Colonies and was especially associated with the Colony of Frederiksoord.
In 1827, he became the commissary general and was sent back to Jakarta, where he was made Governor-General in 1830. Van den Bosch returned to the Netherlands five years later and took over the governing of the colony. He retired voluntarily in 1839, when he was elevated to the noble rank of Count and made Minister of State on December 25 of that year. Van den Bosch died on January 1844 at his estate in the Hague.

In 1830 , the Dutch government appoint a new Governor General for Indonesia, John Van Der Bosch . Van Den Bosch is then issued policies famous . Ie cultuurstelsel or cultivation system . Adapaun background atutarn cultivation issuance are as follows· Cessation of production of export crops for system rental / land tax take .· Empty the state treasury due to the amount of funds allocated to quell the resistance of Prince Diponegoro (1825-1830) and the War of Independence Belgium .· The amount of debt the Netherlands .Pokok-pokok/aturan initial cultivation1 . The people are required to provide a fifth of the land planted unruk trade / export demand in export markets , such as sugar , coffee , indigo .2 . Land provided for the planting of commercial crops exempt from land tax .3 . More value / residual profits of the trade crops to farmers .4 . Commercial planting time jobs should not exceed the time to plant rice .5 . Commercial planting of crop failure on the government's responsibility .6 . Pengwasan the forced cultivation by indigenous officials ( regent ) .Cultivation system implementation1 . Plants that are required for planting commercial crops , often exceeding one fifth , reaching even half the land area farmers .2 . Residual profits from commercial crops taken by the government .3 . Work for commercial plant often exceeds the time to plant rice , so the rice growing areas of the people to be displaced .4 . Crop failure is the responsibility of farmers .5 . The existence cultuur prosenten ( percentage gain ) given to supervisors cultivation .Enforcement cultuur stelsel / cultivation system has a broad impact for the Dutch government and the indigenous people .a. Impact of cultivation against the Dutch government .- Revenue Dutch government had a surplus ( Batig Slot ) .- Dutch debts can be paid off .- The Dutch government can do the country development .b . Impact of cultivation on the indigenous people.- Narrowing of the total area of ​​rice cultivation .- Menculnya famine in Demak and Grobogan ( 1849-1850 ) .- As a result of crop failures and famine .- The widespread forms of land ownership and their ( communal lands ) .- Indigenous people began to recognize the type of export crops and planting systems .

4.Multatuli

Biography


Dekker was born in Amsterdam. His father, a ship's captain, intended his son for trade, but this humdrum prospect disgusted him, and in 1838 he went out to Java and obtained a post as a civil servant. He moved from one posting to another, until, in 1851, he became assistant-resident at Ambon, in the Moluccas. In 1857 he was transferred to Lebak, in the Bantam residency of Java (now Banten province). By this time, however, all the secrets of Dutch administration were known to him, and he had begun to openly protest about the abuses of the colonial system. Consequently he was threatened with dismissal from his office for his openness of speech. Dekker resigned his appointment and returned to the Netherlands.
Statue of Multatuli on a square over the Singel canal in Amsterdam.
He was determined to expose in detail the scandals he had witnessed, and he began to do so in newspaper articles and pamphlets. Little notice, however, was taken of his protestations until, in 1860, he published his novel Max Havelaar under the pseudonym of Multatuli. Dekker's new pseudonym, which is derived from Latin, means, "I have suffered much", or, more literally "I have borne much" referring to himself, as well as, it is thought, to the victims of the injustices he saw. An attempt was made to suppress the inflammatory book, but in vain; it was read all over Europe. Colonialist apologists accused Dekker's horrific depictions of being hyperbolic. Multatuli now began his literary career, and published Love Letters (1861), which, in spite of their mild title, were mordant, unsparing satires.
Although the literary merit of Multatuli's work was widely criticised, he received an unexpected and most valuable ally in Carel Vosmaer who published a book (The Sower 1874) praising him.[1] He continued to write much, and to publish his miscellanies in uniform volumes called Ideas, of which seven appeared between 1862 and 1877 and also contain his novel Woutertje Pieterse.
Dekker left Holland, and went to live in Ingelheim am Rhein near Mainz, where he made several attempts to write for the stage. One of his pieces, The School for Princes (published in 1875 in the fourth volume of Ideas), expresses his non-conformist views on politics, society and religion. He moved his residence to Nieder Ingelheim, on the Rhine, where he died in 1887.
Dekker had been one of Sigmund Freud’s favourite writers. He heads the list of ‘ten good books’ which Freud drew up in 1907.[2]
Dekker had been one of Sigmund Freud’s favourite writers. He heads the list of ‘ten good books’ which Freud drew up in 1907.[2]
In June 2002, the Dutch Maatschappij der Nederlandse Letterkunde (Society for Dutch Literature) proclaimed Multatuli the most important Dutch writer of all time.[3]
Multatuli's brother, Jan Douwes Dekker, is a grandfather of Ernest Douwes Dekker (also known as Danudirja Setiabudi, an Indonesian National hero).

udge who Dowes Eduard Dekker ( Multatuli ) is not as simple and lazy reasoning mainset all Indonesian people who believe that the Dutch colonists and the natives always always colonized ; Netherlands always evil while the natives are always right .
Understanding the history in some matter is complicated , as complicated ins and outs of the human drama in the history of the story itself. How to defend a Dutch native who should humiliated ? Or how can a wide white Protestant Eduard Douwes Dekker touched upon the plight of indigenous people who love to Banten revolt under the banner sabilillah ? In this position , Dekker an exception .
Multatuli , the pen name of Eduard Douwes Dekker , embarrassed watching extortion and persecution of the indigenous people by local authorities . For the Dutch , he also did not agree with the attitude of silence the Dutch colonial government 's tyranny .
Multatuli was born in Amsterdam , Netherlands , March 2, 1820 . He has a sister named Jan, grandfather of Ernest Douwes Dekker ( Setiabudi ) . Father's merchant ship captain who earn enough . Therefore he could receive education up to university . Initially he was diligent school . But soon he was bored . His performance plummeted . His father was immediately out of school and put him in a trade office .
At the age of 18, his father took him to the East Indies by sailing ship " Dorothe " . The ship was anchored in Batavia on January 4, 1839 . Eleven days later , he got a job as a clerk ( clerical level ) in Algemen Rekenkamer.Setahun then move up so the class II Commission .
In 1842 , he worked as a civil service Ambtenaar in West Sumatra . West Sumatra Governor General Andreas Victor Michiels sent to the city of Natal as a controller ( superintendent , assistant resident notch below ) . He is happy with life in the remote town . But he was not happy with his duties . One time , my boss who perform inspection , found the presence of losses in the government treasury . He suspended .
A year he lived in Padang without income . Eventually he returned to Batavia ; undergo rehabilitation and get " money waiting " . While waiting for placement , he having an affair with Everdine Huberte Cordial van Wijnbergen . In April 1846, he Tine - term gain Everdine - in Cianjur , when he was serving in the office of the Assistant Resident ambtenaarsementara Purwakarta .
Career creeping up . In 1846 he was appointed as a permanent employee . He was promoted to Commissioner in the office of the Resident Purworedjo . Then Resident Johan George Stuart Otto von Schmidt auf Altenstadt appointed him secretary of the resident , before being moved to Manado . Peak , he became a resident assistant , the second highest position in the Dutch East Indies Ambtenaar , with assignments in Ambon . But he did not fit in with the Governor of Maluku , which makes his subordinates had no initiative . He also filed a leave of absence for health reasons and a vacation to the Netherlands with his wife .
According Multatuli Moechtar in his book : Author Big , Small People Defenders , Justice and Truth Seekers (2005 ) , at the time that E. de Waal ( later became Colonial Regional Minister ) , who still have family with his wife , introduced by Governor General Duymaer van Twist . Since then , he often received an invitation from the palace and discuss with van Twist . Van Twist sympathetic . When a resident assistant positions vacant in Lebak , van Twist lifted on January 4, 1856 .
In Lebak , he tried to carry out their duties properly . But he encountered a very bad situation in the Valley . The people are suffering due to the rules or herendienst peonage ( forced labor ) . The government is also running again Actively cultivation ( culture system ) . "The people of the Valley and surrounding areas in general are in a state of destitute and often arise petty rebellion . As a result, frequent arrests of population , torture , burning of villages , and massacres by the forces in power at that time , "wrote Moechtar .
He was suspicious of the Regent of Lebak Raden Duke Kerta Natanegara . She filed a complaint about the actions Regent of Lebak and daughter , Raden Parungkujang Demat Wiranatakusuma . He also reports directly to the van Twist , which is regarded as his friend . To her surprise , van Kempen report it to the Raad van Indie ( Indian Council ) that he be fired .
Decree of the Governor -General , dated March 23, 1856 No. . 30 , contains warning and dismissal Multatuli as a resident assistant and transfer to a lower-ranking Ngawi . He officially filed perngunduran itself on March 29, 1856 . The answer received five days later , 4 April 1856 .
Multatuli had to look for another job .
His attempts to clean up the administration of the colonial government foundered . He was looking for another way to let the world know what depravity of Dutch colonial system in its colonies.

Multatuli Eduard Douwes Dekker alias is a controversial Ambtenaar for the Dutch colonial government . Instead of running the government's policy as Assistant Resident of Lebak , he even unpacked kebobrokannya . He particularly highlighted the practice of extortion , oppression , and corruption by the Regent Duke Kartanatanegara Hero Raden and his cronies . This event he profiled in the book Max Havelaar .This year even 150 year anniversary publication of literary works from the Max Havelaar was published for the first time in 1860 . Multatuli works ( I have suffered ) tells the story of the suffering of the people in Lebak residency . A novel which face to slap the Dutch colonial government at that time . Known, its contents unpacked ulcers Dutch colonial practice , the negative impact of cultivation ( culture system ) .Ironically , the central theme of the book is actually the practice of extortion , oppression , and corruption of our own nation , the regents and their subordinates . He instead protect and defend the interests of the people , but rather to act otherwise . Valley of the suffering of the people was complete : the Dutch colonized and oppressed their own people .The injustice caused Lebak resident assistant at the time, Eduard Douwes Dekker , sad and angry . Its call letters to the immediate supervisor , resident CP Brest van Kempen Duymaer or Governor -General AJ van Twist , in order to take action against perpetrators of dirty practices above , is not ignored .Only keputusasaanlah he got . This is what pushed him to resign . The request is accepted immediately . For the umpteenth time , Eduard Douwes Dekker returned must be unemployed . Previously he had stopped working due to dispute with his boss , Governor of Maluku . Now developed an assumption that the above incident was an impeachment against him ( aanklacht ) .The only and last as an expression of protest that could Eduard Douwes Dekker to do is to write . The book is written in a small inn in Belgium in 1859 when he was in a state of distress and poor.

5.Conrad Theodore van Deventer

Conrad Theodore van Deventer (1857-1915) is known as a Dutch jurist and also figure the Ethical Policy.

He's at a young age went to the Dutch East Indies. In ten years, Deventer has become rich, because private plantation estates and airline emerging BPM oil then many require the services of legal counsel.

On a letter dated 30 April 1886 addressed to his parents, Deventer suggests the need for a more humane act out of concern for the natives to Spain experienced bankruptcy due to mismanagement of the colony.

Then in 1899 Deventer wrote in the magazine De Gids (Guide), entitled Een Eereschuld (debt of honor). Understanding the substasial Eereschuld is "honor debts to be paid, even if not in demand upfront judge". It consists of concrete figures on the Dutch public that explains how they became prosperous and safe country (the railways, dams, etc.) is the result of colonization which comes from the Dutch colonies in the East Indies ("Indonesia"), while the Indian Netherlands when it was poor and backward. So it is appropriate if such property is returned.

As a member of the Dutch Parliament Deventer, he received a ministerial duty of the colonies Idenburg to prepare a report on the economic situation of indigenous people in Java and Madura. Within a year, successfully complete the task Deventer (1904). With open Deventer revealed a sad state, then the firm has blamed government policy. The article was very well known, and of course invite a lot of pros and cons reaction. A writing is not less famous is also published by De Gids (1908) is a description of the Day Home Insulinde, which lays out ethical principles for a regulation of the government colony.
Kartini Foundation
1911 when the knowledge of Kartini's letters published, Van Deventer impressed once, so moved to write a lengthy review, just to spread the ideals of Kartini, which fits with the ideals of Deventer own: lifting the natives are spiritually and economically , fighting for their emancipation.

Personally, Van Deventer had met with Kartini, Jepara Regent time daughter was 12 years old, but the communication does not continue. Time Kartini began writing letters to my friends daughter in the Netherlands, Van Deventer family had to leave Indonesia. New documents published by Abendanon, Deventer family showed an interest in the ideals of Kartini.

Since then, Ms. Van Deventer forth. In 1913 he founded the Kartini Foundation, which is intended to open a school for the daughters of the natives died after van Deventer (1915), the one who took care of Mrs. Deventer everything with tireless. Thousands of pupils daughter was entering "Kartini Schools" that shelter under the Kartini Foundation.

When the Dutch occupied Germany (1942), Mrs. Deventer died at the age of 85 years. He left a large amount of funds to be utilized for promoting Indonesia in the field of education. Furthermore the fund is managed by Van Deventer-Maas Stichting.

6.
Van der Cappellen



actual colonial period in Javanese history began in 1830 . Government of the Netherlands for the first time able to exploit and control the entire island . There is no serious challenge to their rule until the 20th century . The Dutch also been able to engage directly in Java to remote areas . Finally achieved political domination throughout Java in 1830 . [ 1 ]The financial condition of the Netherlands in 1830 was not as smooth as with success mastering Java . Gains derived from its control in Java is used for military and administrative costs . The difficulty of the Dutch financial condition then pushing the Dutch government to make policies in the area of the colony. One of the financial rescue effort is the implementation of the system of forced cultivation or culturstelsel .Background CultivationThe main factor enactment cultivation system in Indonesia is the financial difficulties experienced by the Dutch Government . Dutch expenditures used to finance military purposes as a result of the Belgian War of 1830 in the Netherlands and the Java War or Diponegoro War ( 1825-1830 ) in Indonesia. The war ended with the independence of Belgium Belgium ( split from the Netherlands ) and the Dutch deteriorated financial causes . Diponegoro War is the most expensive war for the Dutch in the face of resistance from the natives which is about 20 million guilders . [ 2 ]Attempt to rescue the Dutch financial actually been done since the reign of Van der Capellen ( 1819-1825 ) . Van der Capellen implementing a policy that ensures the Javanese to use and reap the rewards of their land freely . Policies adopted when it is expected to drive the Javanese to produce products that can be sold so much easier for them to pay rent for the land . This policy is doomed to failure because of additional expenses caused by the Java War and the decline of tropical agricultural commodity prices in the world . [ 3 ]Dutch efforts are increasingly challenged because of international trade rivalries . The trade competition among the English party , and after the founding of Singapore in 1819 led to the role of Batavia in the small trade in Southeast Asia . Problems in the Indonesian region itself exacerbated by falling coffee prices in European trade , where coffee is a mainstay export product revenue for the Dutch .During the Java War lasted , the Dutch think of a plan to gain huge profits from its colonies , especially Java. In 1829 Johannes van den Bosch told the Dutch King proposals were later called culturstelsel . [ 4 ] Van den Bosch wants to make Java as a profitable asset homeland in the shortest possible time to generate tropical agricultural commodities , especially coffee , sugar , and indigo ( indigo ) , at low prices so that they can compete with similar products from other parts of the world . Van den Bosch recommends a system which he claims is more in accordance with the Javanese tradition , which is based on the cultivation and delivery of crops forced ( forced cultivation ) to the government . [ 5 ] King approve these proposals , and in January 1830 the Van den Bosch arrived in Java as the new Governor-General .Cultivation provisionsJohannes van den Bosch is managing the cultivation system , he was appointed Governor -General on January 19, 1830 and the basic rule contained in RR 1830. [ 6 ] cultivation system was introduced gradually from 1830 to 1835 and by 1840 the system has been running in Java .The main characteristics of the implementation of the cultivation system is imperative for the people to pay taxes in the form of taxes in kind , namely in the form of their agricultural products . The provisions of the cultivation system , contained in the Gazette ( gazetted ) No. . 22, 1834 . Main provisions include:1 . Indonesian people will provide most of the land planted their fields for which demand in European markets such as coffee , tea , sugar cane , and tilapia . Land was turned over not more than one-fifth of the village fields .2 . Part of the land which provided one-fifth as much rice area is free of tax .3 . Work to preserve these plants should not exceed the length of the work required to maintain their fields themselves .4 . Section of land provided for growing cash crops dibebasakan of land tax payments .5 . Results of the plant was submitted to the Government of the Netherlands and weighed . If the estimated cost exceeds the price of land rent to be paid by the people, the more shall be returned to the people . It aims to encourage the growers that cultivate and promote export crops .6 . Plants are damaged by natural disasters , and not due to laziness or negligence of the people , it will ditangggung by the pememrintah .7 . Implementation cultivation submitted to native servants , and the servants Europe only as a supervisor . [ 7 ]These provisions if further scrutiny seem not to overburden the people . But in practice , it is often stray far from the provisions to the detriment of the people and the very burden of the people .

7.willem Janssen
 
ate Willem Janssens (born in Nijmegen, October 12, 1762 - died at The Hague, May 23, 1838 at the age of 75 years) is the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies 37th. He replaces Herman Willem Daendels on February 20, 1811 and arrived at the Istana Bogor (Buitenzorg) on May 15, 1811.He began his term in a precarious condition. Many soldiers Daendels remains incompetent to be a soldier, so he easily defeated British and forced to surrender on 18 September 1811 to Thomas Stamford Raffles in Tuntang capitulation.Due to a very short reign, it can be said that he did not leave anything. Just as if he were assigned to keep the French flag fluttering in the Dutch East Indies for six months.See also



History Task

Questions!

1)     Give a brief explanations about their policy and invention for each oh them:

  • Herman William Daendels
  • Thomas Stamford Raffles
  •  Van Den Bosch
  •  Multatuli
  • Conrad Theodore van Deventer
  • Van der Cappellen
  • Willem Janssen


2)     Use picture in your explanations!

3)     Have to use English

Jumat, 06 September 2013

                           Bola basket

bola basket adalah olahraga bola berkelompok yang terdiri atas dua tim beranggotakan masing-masing lima orang yang saling bertanding mencetak poin dengan memasukkan bola ke dalam keranjang lawan. Bola basket sangat cocok untuk ditonton karena biasa dimainkan di ruang olahraga tertutup dan hanya memerlukan lapangan yang relatif kecil. Selain itu, bola basket mudah dipelajari karena bentuk bolanya yang besar, sehingga tidak menyulitkan pemain ketika memantulkan atau melempar bola tersebut.
        sejarah   
Pada tahun 1891, Dr. James Naismith, seorang guru Olahraga asal Kanada yang mengajar di sebuah perguruan tinggi untuk para siswa profesional di YMCA (sebuah wadah pemuda umat Kristen) di Springfield, Massachusetts, harus membuat suatu permainan di ruang tertutup untuk mengisi waktu para siswa pada masa liburan musim dingin di New England. Terinspirasi dari permainan yang pernah ia mainkan saat kecil di Ontario,Naismith menciptakan permainan yang sekarang dikenal sebagai bola basket pada 15 Desember 1891.



Pertandingan resmi bola basket yang pertama, diselenggarakan pada tanggal 20 Januari 1892 di tempat kerja Dr.James Naismith. Basket adalah sebutan yang diucapkan oleh salah seorang muridnya. Olahraga ini pun segera terkenal di seantero Amerika Serikat. Penggemar fanatik ditempatkan di seluruh cabang di Amerika Serikat. Pertandingan demi pertandingan pun dilaksanakan di seluruh kota-kota negara bagian Amerika Serikat.

Pada awalnya, setiap tim berjumlah sembilan orang dan tidak ada dribble, sehingga bola hanya dapat berpindah melalui lemparan. Sejarah peraturan permainan basket diawali dari 13 aturan dasar yang ditulis sendiri oleh James Naismith.

  Lapangan, waktu, dan jumlah pemain bola basket

Lapangan bola basket berbentuk persegi panjang dengan dua standar ukuran, yakni panjang 28,5 meter dan lebar 15 meter untuk standar National Basketball Association dan panjang 26 meter dan lebar 14 meter untuk standar Federasi Bola Basket Internasional. Tiga buah lingkaran yang terdapat di dalam lapangan basket memiliki panjang jari-jari yaitu 1,80 meter.

Jumlah pemain dalam permainan bola basket adalah 5 orang dalam satu regu dengan cadangan 5 orang. Sedangkan jumlah wasit dalam permainan bola basket adalah 2 orang. Wasit 1 disebut Referee sedangkan wasit 2 disebut Umpire.

Waktu permainan 4 X 10 menit. Di antara babak 1, 2, 3, dan babak 4 terdapat waktu istirahat selama 10 menit. Bila terjadi skor yang sama pada akhir pertandingan harus diadakan perpanjangan waktu sampai terjadi selisih skor. Di antara dua babak tambahan terdapat waktu istirahat selama 2 menit. Waktu untuk lemparan ke dalam yaitu 5 detik.

Keliling bola yang digunakan dalam permainan bola basket adalah 75 cm - 78 cm. Sedangkan berat bola adalah 600 - 650 gram. Jika bola dijatuhkan dari ketinggian 1,80 meter pada lantai papan, maka bola harus kembali pada ketinggian antara 1,20 - 1,40 meter.

Panjang papan pantul bagian luar adalah 1,80 meter sedangkan lebar papan pantul bagian luar adalah 1,20 meter. Dan panjang papan pantul bagian dalam adalah 0,59 meter sedangkan lebar papan pantul bagian dalam adalah 0,45 meter.

Jarak lantai sampai ke papan pantul bagian bawah adalah 2,75 meter. Sementara jarak papan pantul bagian bawah sampai ke ring basket adalah 0,30 meter. Ring basket memiliki panjang yaitu 0,40 meter. Sedangkan jarak tiang penyangga sampai ke garis akhir adalah 1 meter.

Panjang garis tengah lingkaran pada lapangan basket adalah 1,80 meter dengan ukuran lebar garis yaitu 0,05 meter. Panjang garis akhir lingkaran daerah serang yaitu 6 meter. Sedangkan panjang garis tembakan hukuman yaitu 3,60 meter.

 Peraturan permainan bola basket

 

Aturan dasar pada permainan Bola Basket adalah sebagai berikut:

  • Bola dapat dilemparkan ke segala arah dengan menggunakan salah satu atau kedua tangan.

  • Bola dapat dipukul ke segala arah dengan menggunakan salah satu atau kedua tangan, tetapi tidak boleh dipukul menggunakan kepalan tangan (meninju).

  • Pemain tidak diperbolehkan berlari sambil memegang bola. Pemain harus melemparkan bola tersebut dari titik tempat menerima bola, tetapi diperbolehkan apabila pemain tersebut berlari pada kecepatan biasa.

  • Bola harus dipegang di dalam atau di antara telapak tangan. Lengan atau anggota tubuh lainnya tidak diperbolehkan memegang bola.

  • Pemain tidak diperbolehkan menyeruduk, menahan, mendorong, memukul, atau menjegal pemain lawan dengan cara bagaimanapun. Pelanggaran pertama terhadap peraturan ini akan dihitung sebagai kesalahan, pelanggaran kedua akan diberi sanksi berupa diskualifikasi pemain pelanggar hingga keranjang timnya dimasuki oleh bola lawan, dan apabila pelanggaran tersebut dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mencederai lawan, maka pemain pelanggar akan dikenai hukuman tidak boleh ikut bermain sepanjang pertandingan. Pada masa ini, pergantian pemain tidak diperbolehkan.

  • Sebuah kesalahan dibuat pemain apabila memukul bola dengan kepalan tangan (meninju), melakukan pelanggaran terhadap aturan 3 dan 4, serta melanggar hal-hal yang disebutkan pada aturan 5.

  • Apabila salah satu pihak melakukan tiga kesalahan berturut-turut, maka kesalahan itu akan dihitung sebagai gol untuk lawannya (berturut-turut berarti tanpa adanya pelanggaran balik oleh lawan).

  • Gol terjadi apabila bola yang dilemparkan atau dipukul dari lapangan masuk ke dalam keranjang, dalam hal ini pemain yang menjaga keranjang tidak menyentuh atau mengganggu gol tersebut. Apabila bola terhenti di pinggir keranjang atau pemain lawan menggerakkan keranjang, maka hal tersebut tidak akan dihitung sebagai sebuah gol.

  • Apabila bola keluar lapangan pertandingan, bola akan dilemparkan kembali ke dalam dan dimainkan oleh pemain pertama yang menyentuhnya. Apabila terjadi perbedaan pendapat tentang kepemilikan bola, maka wasitlah yang akan melemparkannya ke dalam lapangan. Pelempar bola diberi waktu 5 detik untuk melemparkan bola dalam genggamannya. Apabila ia memegang lebih lama dari waktu tersebut, maka kepemilikan bola akan berpindah. Apabila salah satu pihak melakukan hal yang dapat menunda pertandingan, maka wasit dapat memberi mereka sebuah peringatan pelanggaran.

  • Wasit pembantu memperhatikan bola dan mengambil keputusan apabila bola dianggap telah keluar lapangan, pergantian kepemilikan bola, serta menghitung waktu. Wasit pembantu berhak menentukan sah tidaknya suatu gol dan menghitung jumlah gol yang terjadi.

  • Waktu pertandingan adalah 4 quarter masing-masing 10 menit

  • Pihak yang berhasil memasukkan bola ke ring terbanyak akan dinyatakan sebagai pemenang

    Cara memegang bola basket adalah sikap tangan membentuk mangkok besar. Bola berada di antara kedua telapak tangan. Telapak tangan melekat di samping bola agak ke belakang, jari-jari terentang melekat pada bola. Ibu jari terletak dekat dengan badan di bagian belakang bola yang menghadap ke arah tengah depan. Kedua kaki membentuk kuda-kuda dengan salah satu kaki di depan. Badan sedikit condong ke depan dan lutut rileks.

    Dalam menangkap bola harus diperhatikan agar bola berada dalam penguasaan. Bola dijemput telapak tangan dengan jari-jari tangan terentang dan pergelangan tangan rileks. Saat bola masuk di antara kedua telapak tangan, jari tangan segera melekat ke bola dan ditarik ke belakang atau mengikuti arah datangnya bola. Menangkap bola (catching ball) terdiri dari dua macam cara yaitu menangkap bola di atas kepala dan menangkap bola di depan dada.

    Mengoper atau melempar bola terdiri atas tiga cara yaitu melempar bola dari atas kepala (over head pass), melempar bola dari dari depan dada (chest pass) yang dilakukan dari dada ke dada dengan cepat dalam permainan, serta melempar bola memantul ke tanah atau lantai (bounce pass).

    Menggiring bola (dribbling ball) adalah suatu usaha membawa bola ke depan. Caranya yaitu dengan memantul-mantulkan bola ke lantai dengan satu tangan. Saat bola bergerak ke atas telapak tangan menempel pada bola dan mengikuti arah bola. Tekanlah bola saat mencapai titik tertinggi ke arah bawah dengan sedikit meluruskan siku tangan diikuti dengan kelenturan pergelangan tangan. Menggiring bola dalam permainan bola basket dapat dibagi menjadi dua cara, yaitu menggiring bola rendah dan menggiring bola tinggi. Menggiring bola rendah bertujuan untuk melindungi bola dari jangkauan lawan. Menggiring bola tinggi dilakukan untuk mengadakan serangan yang cepat ke daerah pertahanan lawan.

    Pivot atau memoros adalah suatu usaha menyelamatkan bola dari jangkauan lawan dengan salah satu kaki sebagai porosnya, sedangkan kaki yang lain dapat berputar 360 derajat.

    Seorang pemain basket melakukan shooting dengan dua tangan.

    Shooting adalah usaha memasukkan bola ke dalam keranjang atau ring basket lawan untuk meraih poin. Dalam melakukan shooting ini dapat dilakukan dengan dua cara yaitu dengan shooting dengan dua tangan serta shooting dengan satu tangan.

    Lay-up adalah usaha memasukkan bola ke ring atau keranjang basket dengan dua langkah dan meloncat agar dapat meraih poin. Lay-up disebut juga dengan tembakan melayang.


Sabtu, 31 Agustus 2013


         Manfaat olahraga bagi tubuh kita

Tentunya bagi kita yang memilki aktifitas yang padat pastinya sangat membutuhkan energi yang besar untuk mendukung aktifitas kita tersebut, salah satunya yang bisa kita lakukan adalah dengan berolahraga, untuk manfaat olahraga ini tentunya banyak artikel yang sudah membahasnya akan tetapi tidak ada salahnya jika saya membahasnya kembali pada artikel ini mungkin bisa dijadikan referensi bagi kita untuk memulai hidup sehat dengan berolahraga, di bawah ini adalah beberapa manfaat olahraga bagi tubuh kita.
  • Menurunkan berat badan, salah satu cara yang ampuh untuk menurunkan berat badan adalah dengan berolahraga dengan teratur, tentunya dengan porsi yang cukup dan tidak berlebihan
  • Membuat tubuh tetap fit, jika anda ingin membuat tubuh anda selalu dalam keadaan fit dan tidak mudah lelah maka anda harus rajin berolahraga minimal dua kali seminggu.
  • Menurunkan kadar kolesterol, dengan berolahraga maka jantung akan memompa lebih cepat maka hal ini akan membuat tubuh kita berkeringat yang secara otomatis akan menurunkan kadar kolesterol dalam darah kita.
  • Membuat tubuh menjadi proporsional, beberapa olahraga juga dapat membuat tubuh menjadi lebih proporsional diantaranya seperti angkat beban dan push up, lakukan cara tersebut dengan teratur dan rutin.
  • Membuat nafas menjadi lebih panjang bagi anda yang memilki masalah pada pernapasan seperti asma maka sangat dianjurkan untuk rajin berolahraga dengan teratur dan denngan porsi yang cukup, catatan: anda harus melakukan pemanasan sebelum berolahraga.
  • Memperkuat jantung, mungkin kita sering melihat berita di TV bahwa banyak orang yang meninggal setelah melakukan aktifitas olahraga, apakah berarti olahraga tidak diperbolehkan bagi orang yang mempunyai penyakit jantung? Sebenarnya jika ada yang beranggapan bahwa olahraga tidak dianjurkan bagi orang memiliki penyakit jantung itu adalah anggapan yang tidak benar karena pada kenyataannya olahraga malah sangat dianjurkan bagi penderita penyakit jantung, akan tetapi untuk porsinya benar-benar diperhaitkan, tentunya yang harus diperhatikan adalah berapa lama dan jenis olahraganya juga.
  • Melindungi  tubuh kita dari penyakit, tentunya olahraga sangat berperan penting terhadap kesehatan tubuh kita,  banyak penyakit yang disebabkan karena kurang olahraga seperti: obesitas, kolesterol, diabetes, penyakit jantung  dan masih banyak lagi penaykit yang disebabkan karena kurang berolahraga.

Demikian adalah beberapa manfaat olahraga bagi tubuh kita, sudahkah anda memulai hidup sehat dengan berolahraga? Jika belum maka hendaknya anda harus memulainya dari sekarang, karena banyak penyakit yang disebabkan karena kurang berolahraga.

sekian dulu dari saya terima kasih :)