Kamis, 27 Februari 2014


  JENIS-JENIS  MANUSIA PURBA DI INDONESIA

1. Pithecanthropus
a. Pithecanthropus Erectus
b. Pithecanthropus Mojokertensis
c. Pithecanthropus Soloensis
2. Meganthropus Palaeojavanicus
3. Homo
4. Hobbit
Pithecanthropus

Pada tahun 1890 Eugene Dubois menemukan fosil jenis Pithecanthropus di desa Trinil(Ngawi)Jawa Timur di dekat lembah sungai Bengawan Solo, dengan memberi nama Pithecanthropus Erectus artinya manusia kera yang berjalan tegak.
Ciri-ciri Pithecanthropus Erectus :

Tulang Rahang dan Gigi Besar dan Kuat
Tidak Berdagu
Tingi Badan Sekitar 165-170 cm
Berbadan dan Berjalan Tegak
Kening Menonjol

Pithecanthropus Mojokertensis
Pada tahun 1936, telah ditemukan fosil tengkorak anak manusia purba oleh Weidenreich didesa Jetis, Mojokerto. Fosil manusia purba tersebut diberi nama Pithecanthropus Robustus, sedang Von Koeningswald menyebutnya Pithecanthropus Mojokertensis.

Pithecanthropus Soloensis
G.H.R. Von Koeningswald, Oppenorth, dan Ter Haar pada sekitar tahun 1931-1934 mengadakan penelitian di Lembah Sungai Bengawan Solo dan penemuan pertama di Ngandong(Blora) adalah fosil Pithecanthropus Soloensis artinya manusia kera dari Solo, kemudian ditemukan juga jenis Pithecanthropus di Sangiran yang diperkirakan hidup pada 900.000 sampai 200.000 tahun yang lalu diperkirakan terdapat di Sumatera, Kalimantan, dan Cina.

Meganthropus Palaeojavanicus
Yaitu manusia purba paling primitif(tua), ditemukan oleh G.H.R. Von Koeningswald di daerah Sangiran pada lapisan pleistosen bawa h(lapisan pucangan)pada tahun 1936 dan 1941. Hasil temuan fosil tersebut berupa tulang bagian bawah dan atas. Fosil yang serupa juga ditemukan Marks dilapisan Kabuh(pleistosen tengah) pada tahun 1952. Berdasarkan penelitian tulang rahang atas dan tulang rahang bawah, makanan Meganthropus Palaeojavanicus adalah tumbuh-tumbuhan. Karena makanannya tanpa melalui proses pemasakan, maka gigi rahangnya besar dan kuat. Meganthopus diperkirakan hidup pada 2-1 juta tahun yang lalu. Sesuai Dengan arti namanya, manusia purba besar dan tertua di Pulau Jawa.

Ciri-Ciri Meganthropus Palaeojavanicus :
Tubuh Kekar
Rahang Dan Geraham Yang Besar
Tidak Berdagu

Homo
Homo artinya manusia. Jenis manusia purba yang paling maju dibandingkan dengan yang lainnya. Terdapat 2 jenis Homo yang ditemukan di Indonesia yakni Homo Soloensis dan Homo Wajakensis. Penemuan fosil jenis Homo diawali pada tahun 1889, ketika Von Rietschoten menemukan beberapa bagian dari tengkorak dan rangka manusia di daerah dekat Tulungagung,Jawa Timur. Temuan tersebut selanjutnya diselidiki oleh Dr. Eugene Dubois dan menamainya Homo Wajakensis termasuk ras asli Australia.

Ciri-Ciri Homo :
Berbadan Tegap
Tingginya Sekitar 180 Cm
Memiliki Volume Otak Kecil, Yaitu Sekitar 1.000-1.300 Cc
Tengkoraknya Lebih Besar Dibanding Pithecanthropus

Hobbit
Para ilmuwan telah menemukan fosil-fosil tengkorak dari suatu spesies manusia yang tumbuh tidak lebih besar dari kanak-kanak berusia lima tahun. Manusia kerdil yang memiliki tengkorak seukuran buah jeruk ini diduga hidup 13.000 tahun lalu, bersama gajah-gajah pigmi dan kadal-kadal raksasa seperti Komodo. Indonesia.
Tengkorak pertama dari spesies yang kemudian disebut sebagai Homo floresiensis atau Manusia Fores itu ditemukan September 2003. Ia berjenis kelamin perempuan, tingginya saat berdiri tegak kira-kira satu meter, dan beratnya hanya 25 kilogram. Ia diduga berumur sekitar 30 tahun saat meninggal 18.000 tahun lalu.

Rabu, 26 Februari 2014

Biography Of Benito Mussolini

Benito Mussolini


  Born in 1883 in Dovia di Predappio, Forlì, Italy, Benito Mussolini was an ardent socialist as a youth, following in his father's political footsteps, but was expelled by the party for his support of World War I. In 1919, he created the Fascist Party, eventually making himself dictator and holding all the power in Italy. He overextended his forces during World War II and was eventually killed by his own people, on April 28, 1945, in Mezzegra, Italy.

Early Life

Born on July 29, 1883, in Dovia di Predappio, Forlì, Italy, Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini was the eldest of three children. His father, Alessandro, was a blacksmith and an impassioned socialist who spent much of his time on politics and much of his money on his mistress. His mother, Rosa (Maltoni), was a devout Catholic schoolteacher who provided the family with some stability and income.
As a youth, Benito Mussolini showed much intelligence, but was boisterous and disobedient. His father instilled in him a passion for socialist politics and a defiance against authority. Though he was expelled from several schools for bullying and defying school authorities, he eventually obtained a teaching certificate in 1901 and, for a brief time, worked as a schoolmaster.

Impassioned Socialist

In 1902, Benito Mussolini moved to Switzerland to promote socialism, and quickly gained a reputation for his magnetism and remarkable rhetorical talents. While engaging in political demonstrations, he caught the attention of Swiss authorities and was eventually expelled from the country. In 1904, Mussolini returned to Italy and continued promoting a socialist agenda. He was briefly imprisoned and, upon release, became editor of the organization's newspaper, Avanti (meaning "Forward"), which gave him a larger megaphone and expanded his influence.

The Break with Socialism and Rise to Power

Mussolini initially condemned Italy's entry into World War I, but soon saw the war as an opportunity for his country to become a great power. His change in attitude broke ties with fellow socialists, however, and he was expelled from the organization. He joined the Italian army in 1915 and fought on the front lines, reaching the rank of corporal before being wounded and discharged from the military.
After the war, Mussolini resumed his political activities, criticizing the Italian government for weakness at the Treaty of Versailles. He organized several right-wing groups into a single force and, in March 1919, formed the Fascist Party—the movement proclaimed opposition to social class discrimination and supported nationalist sentiments, hoping to raise Italy to levels of its great Roman past.
Capitalizing on public discontent, Mussolini organized a para-military unit known as the "Black Shirts," who terrorized political opponents and helped increase Fascist influence. By 1922, as Italy slipped into political chaos, Mussolini declared that only he could restore order and was given the authority. He gradually dismantled all democratic institutions, and by 1929, had made himself dictator, taking the title "Il Duce" ("the Leader"). To his credit, Mussolini carried out an extensive public works program and reduced unemployment, making him very popular with the people.

Military Exploits

In 1935, determined to show the strength of his regime, Benito Mussolini invaded Ethiopia. The ill-equipped Ethiopians were no match for Italy's modern tanks and airplanes, and the capital, Addis Ababa, was quickly captured. Mussolini incorporated Ethiopia into the new Italian Empire. In 1939, he sent support to Fascists in Spain during the Spanish Civil War, hoping to expand his influence.
Impressed with Italy's early military successes,                                 German dictator Adolf Hitler sought to establish a relationship with Benito Mussolini; he was flattered by Hitler's overtures and interpreted the recent diplomatic and military victories as proof of his genius. By 1939, the two countries had signed a military alliance known as the "Pact of Steel." Influenced by Hitler, Mussolini instituted discrimination policies against the Jews in Italy. In 1940, Italy invaded Greece with some initial success.
With Italy's resources stretched to capacity, many Italians believed the alliance with Germany would provide time to regroup. But Hitler's invasion of Poland and declaration of war with Britain and France forced Italy into war, and exposed weaknesses in its military. Greece and North Africa soon fell, and only German military intervention in early 1941 saved Mussolini from a military coup.

Italy's Defeat and Mussolini's Demise

In 1942, at the Casablanca Conference, Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt devised a plan to take Italy out of the war and force Germany to move its troops to the Eastern Front against the Soviet Union. Allied forces secured a beachhead in Sicily and began marching up the Italian peninsula. With pressure mounting, Mussolini was forced to resign and arrested; German commandos later rescued him. Mussolini then moved his government to northern Italy, hoping to regain his influence. On June 4, 1944, Rome was liberated by Allied forces, who marched on to take control of Italy.
Mussolini and his mistress, Claretta Petacci, attempted to escape to Switzerland, but were captured by the Italian underground on April 27, 1945. They were executed the following day, on April 28, 1945, in Mezzegra (near Dongo), Italy, and their bodies were hung on display in a Milan plaza. The Italian masses greeted Mussolini's death without regret. Mussolini had promised his people Roman glory, but his megalomania had overcome his common sense, bringing them only war and misery.

Foto dan Biodata SNSD

 SNSD,merupakan singkatan dari So Nyeo Shi Dae.SNSD adalah salah satu girlband yang berasal dari KOREA SELATAN. SNSD beranggotakan 9 personil yaitu: Taeyon,Tiffany,Sunny,Seohyun,Yuri,Jessica,YooNa,Hyoyeon,dan Sooyoung.Mereka semua selain mempunyai muka yang amat cantik,mereka juga mempunyai bakat dan talenta/kemampuan dalam bidang seni tarik suara.
  SNSD/So Nyeo Shi Dae , juga dilatih dibidang Modeling,Iklan,bahkan pemain sinetron,seperti Yoona yang pernah membintangi sebuah film yang berjudul Love Rain.Sedangkan Yuri,membintangi film drama yang berjudul Fashion King.Bahkan Yuri berperan sebagai pemeran utama dalam film drama tersebut.
 Bagi anda yang sangat menyukai Girlband ini atau fans-nya SNSD ,sebutan untuk nama fans SNSD yaitu SONE.!


berikut ini adalah biodata dan foto SNSD

1.Taeyon
Nama : Taeyon
Nama Lengkap : Kim Tae Yon
Arti Nama : Kebesaran(yang mulia) yang cantik
Nama Panggilan di snsd : Little Child that is like Pack Sol-Ge Nack
Nama Lain :Taetae,Taeng,Leader Taeyon,Leader Taeng,Kid Leader,Auntie,dll
Tanggal lahir : 9 Maret 1989
Tinggi badan : 162 cm
Berat badan : 44 kg
Golongan darah : O
Posisi : Ketua Vocal yang pertama
No.Favourite : 22,3,6,9
Hobi : Renang
Special : Menyanyi Trot,Bahasa China
2.Jessica
Nama : Jessica
Nama Lengkap : Jung Soo Yeon,Jessica Jung
Arti nama : Cantik dan kemewahan
Nama panggilan di SNSD : Ice Princess
Nama Panggilan lain : Sic,Sica,Sicachu,Liquid Sica,Sica Effect,dll
Tanggal lahir : 18 April 1989
Tinggi badan : 163 cm
Berat badan : 45 kg
Golongan Darah : B
Posisi : ketua vocal yang kedua
No.Favourite : 52
Hobi : Sepakbola,Tinju
Special : Dance,Bahasa Inggris
3.Sunny
Nama : Sunny
Nama Lengkap : Lee Sun Kyu
Arti nama : Permata yang dilahirkan dengan indah
Nama panggilan di snsd : Energy Pill
Nama panggilan lain : Lee Sunny,Lee Sun,Dolphin,Sunny,Cute Sunny,dll
Tanggal lahir : 18 Mei 1989
Tinggi badan : 158 cm
Berat badan : 43 cm
Golongan darah : B
Posisi : Membantu Vokal
No.Favourite : 26
Hobi : renang,main video game,olahraga
Special : Atletik
4.Tiffany
Nama : Tiffany
Nama Lengkap : Hwang Mi Young,Tiffany Hwang
Arti nama : Daun Bunga yang cantik
Nama Panggilan di snsd : Brighter Than Gem
Nama panggilan lain : Fany,Fanny of Belly,Brighter Than Mushroom Tiffany,dll
Tanggal lahir : 1 Agustus 1989
Tinggi badan : 162 cm
Berat badan : 50 kg
Posisi : ketua vocal yang ke 4
Hobi : Main seruling
Spesial : Bahasa Inggris,Main Flute
Durasi latihan : 7 tahun 3 bulan
5.Hyoyeon
Nama : Hyoyeon
Nama lengkap : Kim Hyo Yeon
Arti nama : Selalu tumbuh dengan indah
Nama panggilan di SNSD : Bright Snow White
Nama panggilan lain : Dancing Queen,Princess Fiona,Hyo Fit and Firm,dll
Tanggal lahir : 22 Agustus 1989
Tinggi badan : 160 cm
Berat badan : 48 kg
Golongan darah : AB
Posisi : Ketua dancer yang ke-1,Membantu vokal
No.Favourite : 58
Hobi : Menari/Dance
Spesial : Bahasa China,Dance
6.Yuri
Nama : Yuri
Nama Lengkap : Kwon Yuri
Arti Nama : Putih melati yang damai (baik hati)
Nama panggilan di snsd : Black Pearl
Nama panggilan lain : Yul,Kwongul,Black Yul,Yuree,dll
Tanggal lahir : 5 Desember 1989
Tinggi badan : 167 cm
Berat Badan : 45 kg
Gol.darah : AB
Posisi : Ketua dancer yang kedua,membantu vokal
No.Favourite : 19
Hobi : Dancing,Ballet,Main Piano
Spesial : Bahasa China,renang
7.Sooyoung
Nama : Sooyoung
Nama Lengkap : Choi Soo Young
Arti nama : Daun bunga yang kemewahan
Nama panggilan di snsd : Fun Loving Princess
Nama panggilan lain : A person with long body,Long Legs,Model,dll
Tanggal lahir : 10 Februari 1990
Tinggi Badan : 170 cm
Berat Badan : 48 kg
Golongan Darah : O
Posisi : membantu vokal
No.Favourite : 08
Hobi : Makan
Spesial : Bahasa Jepang ,dance
8.YooNa
Nama : Yoona
Nama Lengkap : Im Yoon Ah
Arti nama : Anak kecil yang tak punya dosa
Nama panggilan di SNSD : Charming Girl
Nama panggilan lain : Little Deer,Retarol,dll
Tanggal Lahir : 30 Mei 1990
Tinggi badan : 166 cm
Berat badan : 47 kg
Golongan darah : B
Posisi : ketua dancer yang ke-3,Membantu vokal
No.Favourite : 93 
Spesial :Akting
Durasi : 7 tahun 2 bulan
9.Seohyun
Nama : Seohyun
Nama Lengkap : Seo Joo Hyun
Arti nama : Mutiara penting
Nama panggilan di snsd : The Youngest Princess
Nama panggilan lain : Seororo,Kerohyun,Youngest Child,dll
Tanggal lahir : 28 Juni 1991
Tinggi badan : 168 cm
Berat badan : 48 cm
Golongan Darah : A
Posisi : Ketua vocal yang ke-3
No.Favourite : 64
Hobi : Main piano,nonton Keroro
Durasi latihan : 6 tahun 6 bulan
Berikut ini foto-foto SNSD